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Transportation

Transportation in Cambodia


War and continuing fighting severely damaged Cambodia's transportation system—a system that had been inadequately developed in peacetime. The country's weak infrastructure hindered emergency relief efforts and created tremendous problems of procurement of supplies in general and of distribution. Cambodia received Soviet technical assistance and equipment to support the maintenance of the transportation network.

Railways: Cambodia had two rail lines, both originating in Phnom Penh, totaling about 612 kilometers of single, one-meter-gauge track. The French built the first line, which runs from Phnom Penh to Paoy Pet on the Thai border, between 1930 and 1940. Assistance from France, West Germany, and China, between 1960 and 1969, supported the construction of the second line, which runs from Phnom Penh to Kampong Saom at the southern coast. Rail service ceased during the war, but resumed in the early 1980s. Guerrilla activities, however, continued to disrupt service.





total: 603 km

narrow gauge: 603 km 1.000-m gauge



Highways:

total: 35,769 km

paved: 4,165 km

unpaved: 31,604 km (1997 est.) Of the current total, only about 20 percent of the roads and highways were covered with asphalt and were in passable condition; about 50 percent of the roads were made of crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth; and the remaining approximately 30 percent were unimproved earth or were little more than tracks. In 1981 Cambodia opened a newly repaired section of National Route 1, which runs southeast from Phnom Penh to the Vietnamese border. The road, which suffered damage during the war years, was restored most probably by Vietnamese army engineers. In the late 1980s, Cambodia's road network was both underutilized and unable to meet even the modest demands placed upon it by an unindustrialized and agrarian society (see fig. 8.). Commercial vehicles, such as trucks and buses, were insufficient in number and lacked spare parts necessary to keep them running. Road construction and maintenance were ignored by a financially hard-pressed government, while insurgents regularly destroyed bridges and rendered some routes unsafe for travel.



Waterways: The nation's extensive inland waterways were important historically in domestic trade. The Mekong and the Tonle Sap Rivers, their numerous tributaries, and the Tonle Sap provided avenues of considerable length, including 3,700 kilometers navigable all year by craft drawing 0.6 meters and another 282 kilometers navigable to craft drawing 1.8 meters. In some areas, especially west of the Mekong River and north of the Tonle Sab River, the villages were completely dependent on waterways for communications. Launches, junks, or barges transported passengers, rice, and other food in the absence of roads and railways.



According to the Ministry of Communications, Transport, and Posts, Cambodia's main ferry services crossing the Basak River and the middle Mekong River at Neak Luong (Phumi Prek Khsay), Tonle Bet, Sre Ambel, Kampong Cham, and Stoeng Treng were restored in 1985. The major Mekong River navigation routes also were cleared for traffic.



Seaports and harbors: Cambodia has two major ports, Phnom Penh and Kampong Saom, and five minor ones. Phnom Penh, located at the junction of the Basak, the Mekong, and the Tonle Sab rivers, is the only river port capable of receiving 8,000-ton ships during the wet season and 5,000-ton ships during the dry season. It remains an important port for international commerce as well as for domestic communications.



Kampong Saom, Cambodia's only seaport, reopened in late 1979. It had been built in 1960 with French assistance. In 1980 some 180 Soviet dockworkers, having brought with them forklifts and trucks, were reportedly working at Kampong Saom as longshoremen or as instructors of unskilled Cambodian port workers. By 1984 approximately 1,500 Cambodian port workers were handling 2.5 tons of cargo per day. According to official statistics, Kampong Saom had handled only 769,500 tons in the four prior years (1979 to 1983), a level that contrasted sharply with the port's peacetime capacity of about 1 million tons of cargo per year.



Merchant marine:

total: 211 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 953,105 GRT/1,345,766 DWT

ships by type: bulk 20, cargo 166, combination bulk 1, container 5, livestock carrier 2, multi-functional large load carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 7, roll-on/roll-off 6 (1999 est.)

note: a flag of convenience registry; includes ships of 8 countries: Aruba 1, Cyprus 7, Egypt 1, South Korea 1, Malta 1, Panama 1, Russia 5, Singapore 1 (1998 est.)



Airports: 19 (1999 est.) The country possesses twenty-six airfields, of which only thirteen were usable in the mid-1980s. Eight airfields had permanent-surface runways. Pochentong International Airport near Phnom Penh is the largest airport; it also serves as the main base for the renascent Cambodian Air Force (see Kampuchean, or Khmer, People's Revolutionary Armed Forces , ch. 5). Cambodia opened a new Soviet-built airfield at Ream near Kampong Saom in late 1983. There are additional secondary airports in Siemreab and in Batdambang.



Air Kampuchea was established in 1982 and flew only one route-- from Phnom Penh to Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam. In 1984 commercial air service was inaugurated between Phnom Penh and Hanoi with the arrival at Hanoi International Airport of the Kampuchean Civil Aviation Company's (AKASCHOR) first flight. Since then, there has been regular air service from Phnom Penh to Hanoi, Vientiane, and Moscow.



Airports - with paved runways:

total: 6

2,438 to 3,047 m: 2

1,524 to 2,437 m: 2

914 to 1,523 m: 2 (1999 est.)



Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 13

1,524 to 2,437 m: 2

914 to 1,523 m: 11 (1999 est.)


Cambodia Transportation Around Cambodia




Airlines

There are two airline companies (below) offering daily flights to Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, Rattanakiri and Stung Treng. Please note that in Cambodia, you don’t need to dial 855 but do need to dial a 0 before the numbers shown. There are plenty of travel agents in Cambodia who can book you a ticket for the same or next day (remember, this is Asia where things are done at the last minute).







President Airlines

Head Office- Phnom Penh

Tel: (855) 23 993 088-89

Fax: (855) 23 993 098





Siem Reap Airways

Tel: (855) 63 380 330/1

Fax: (855) 63 380 332







Buses

The bus service in Cambodia is cheap with a number of companies operating along a few routes (the roads are gradually improving but they can still be bad at times). There are many buses each day to and from Phnom Penh to places like Sihanoukville ($4 for the single four hour journey on a very good road), Battambang (six hour $4 journey on reasonable road) and Siem Reap ($4 six hour journey on a good road). There are also daily buses to and from Phnom Penh, Siem Reap and Battambang to the Thai border crossing of Poipet, and the Vietnam border at Moc Bai. From Phnom Penh buses also run to Kampot, Kompong Cham and Kratie.





Trains

Taking a train in Cambodia is, without question, an experience. The train carriages are very old and rusting away, and it really is anyone’s guess as to what time you’ll arrive at your destination. Plus, there are only two train lines in the country -- one from Battambang to Phnom Penh, and the second to and from the capital to Sihanoukville. Due to the roads being improved trains run very intermittantly now and dont have a passenger car so you will be on the roof all the way. Enquire at the train station as to when the next train will be running. Nevertheless, if you have the time, it’s well worth taking the train as they are now safe from bandits, you’re bound to meet some interesting characters along the way, it’s very cheap and the scenery (especially towards the coast) is breathtaking at times.





Boats

The boat is a popular means of transport on the Mekong and do go as far as Stung Treng, although the most popular ones operate on the Tonlé Sap between Phnom Penh and Siem Reap $20 -23 a rip-off compared to the bus. It’s also possible to take a boat to and from Siem Reap to Battambang but the road is a much better choice. There is also a fast boat to and from Koh Kong and Sihanoukville, and is yor best bet as due to the wet season the road is in bad condition. A bus/boat service is also available from Phnom Penh to Saigon via Chao Doc border crossing. Of course, the scenery throughout these journeys can be superb, but it is an expensive means of traveling in comparison to other options while reports of overcrowding and breakdowns on the Tonle Sap lake are common.





Pick-ups, Taxis & Minibuses

Pick-ups are used for traveling the truly awful roads in Cambodia to and from places like Koh Kong. Commuters who regularly endure the misery of rush hour on the London Underground in the UK will be well trained for pick-ups as there often ridiculously overcrowded. There are many share taxis in Cambodia to various destinations most of which leave from central market. You can often hire them individually or pay for a seat and wait for other passengers to turn up. Minibuses cover similar routes.





Car & Motorcycle Hire

Self-drive car hire is presently not available in Cambodia and considering the state of the roads it is probably just as well. It is possible to hire a car and driver for around US$20 to US$30 per day. Motorcycles are a good means of transport to visit places outside of Phnom Penh on a day trip $5-8 a day for 250 dirtbikes $3-4 for motos. Remember to slow down through villages, look out for animals and children, wear a helmet and bear in mind that medical assistance doesn’t really exist in the countryside.

Agriculture

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Rich in farmland

The Council for the Development of Cambodia (CDC) approved agricultural investment projects worth a combined $499.7 million in the first eight months of 2009, in comparison to $81.7 million worth of projects approved over the same period in 2008.
For investors looking to grow and process crops, Cambodia is an ideal location with plenty of land available for agricultural concessions.
In September 2009, officials signed agreements granting five Vietnamese companies concessions on 36,491 hectares of land.
Vietnamese companies are currently the driving force behind growth in the sector.
The Vietnamese are growing rubber trees, cassava, jatropha and other crops, in the east and north-east provinces of Kampong Thom, Kratie, Mondulkiri, Preah Vihear and Ratanakkiri.
Qatar and Kuwait have also signed agreements to secure long-term food supplies for their countries. The UAE is also keen to explore opportunities in rice cultivation in Cambodia.
It is unclear exactly what the deals with Qatar and Kuwait are, but Cambodia’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Hor Namhong, told reporters that a memorandum of understanding had been signed with Kuwait agreeing to finance a $350,000 irrigation project that would cover 130,000 hectares of rice fields.
Cambodia is rich in farmland and hopes to attract more investment to the sector. The country wants to develop its rice exports and therefore welcomes investors, especially those willing to work with small farmers. In return for investments such as credit and technical assistance, farmers would be contracted to sell their crops to the investor.

Rice

During the 1960s, Cambodia produced 500,000 imperial tons of rice in excess of domestic demand. Total paddy production was 2.38 million tons, which represented 1.1 per cent of world paddy production.

As a result of the civil war, Cambodia was left unable to produce enough rice to even feed its own people. Not until 1995 did the country achieve self-sufficiency again.

Today Cambodia has a rice surplus once again and is producing new quality varieties for export. Rice technology has improved significantly over recent years under the guidance of CARDI - Cambodian Agricultural Research Institute.

Just under 7.3 million tonnes were harvested in 2009 despite damage wrought by Typhoon Ketsana, which caused severe flooding at the end of September. Figures released in November 2009 by the National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM) claim the typhoon caused $140 million in damages.

The Cambodian Centre for Study and Development in Agriculture (CEDAC) is helping Cambodian farmers by advising them how to select the best seeds to increase rice yields.

As a result of improvements in quality, CEDAC – which represents organic rice growers in several provinces in Cambodia – is set to export organic jasmine rice to Germany in 2010 as part of a three-year export agreement totalling 450 tonnes at $1,400 per tonne. In 2009 CEDAC members exported 60 tonnes of organic rice to the US and 15 tonnes to Malaysia.

Meanwhile, the Cambodian Golden Rice for Export Association (CGREA) - an association of 10 rice exporters formed in 2009 - plans to export 20,000 tonnes of jasmine rice to South Africa and France.

CGREA says it will spend $5 million to purchase 50,000 tonnes of jasmine rice from farmers in Battambang, Pursat, Banteay Meanchey, Kampong Cham and Takeo provinces. The rice will then be processed locally prior to export.
The association plans to pay farmers a market price of around $0.30 per kg, which it hopes to sell on when processed for around $0.81 per kg.
In 2009, Cambodia exported 8,000 tonnes of milled rice up to August, mainly to Europe, Africa and the rest of Asia. This exceeded 2008 when a total of 5,000 tonnes of milled rice was exported. Total exports in 2009 were predicted to exceed 10,000 tonnes by year end.
Cotton

Seladamex Co., Ltd. has built a $2 million cotton plant in the north-west of Cambodia, in Rottanak Mondul district, Battambang province and began processing cotton in September 2009.
The company is encouraging local farmers to grow cotton by guaranteeing a purchase price of $400 a tonne. They are also providing free cotton seeds to farmers.
With these incentives, combined with the fact that the price of corn and beans has dropped, many farmers have already made the switch.
Until now only 50 hectares of cotton a year had been grown by farmers in western Cambodia. But since the 2009 planting season began in July, 1,200 hectares are now under cultivation and Seladamex expects this figure to grow by around 40 per cent annually over the coming years.
The Seladamex cotton plant is capable of processing 15 tonnes a day and the company hopes to see at least 1,000 tonnes harvested in 2009. Plant capacity is about 5,475 tonnes per year.
Seladamex plans to sell the cotton to buyers in Vietnam, China and South Korea at the international market price of around $1,500 a tonne. The company may also supply another cotton-processing plant in Cambodia located in Kampong Cham province - Cambodia’s only full cotton processing facility.
By the end of 2009 Seladamex expects to have exported 1,000 tonnes of cotton which if successful, will result in Cambodia’s largest contract to export cotton since 1970.
Cotton-growing had almost ground to a halt in Cambodia, killed off by low prices, difficulty in finding buyers, insects, and Pol Pot.
Prior to 1975 the industry thrived with thousands of hectares harvested each year.
Pepper
Cambodia’s big plans for Kampot pepper took a hit in 2009 with sales down significantly. Half of the year’s total output of 14 tonnes remained unsold by year end.

Many peppers sold in Cambodia and worldwide masquerade as Kampot Pepper, but only one is grown in the rich fertile soils of Kampot province. Cambodia is therefore seeking to gain geographic indicator (GI) status for the original product, which producers anticipate will be awarded sometime in 2010.
According to World Trade Organisation (WTO) guidelines, GI strictly regulates every aspect of a product’s properties to assure both its high quality and regional distinctiveness.
With this in mind hopes of a Kampot pepper recovery are imminent, as higher prices for the pepper and an increase in exports are anticipated to follow.
Kampong Speu palm sugar, Kampot durian, Siem Reap prahok (fish paste) and Mondulkiri honey are also targeting GI status.
In 1930 almost all of the pepper consumed in France came from Indochina. Kampot pepper in particular was of exceptional quality and rapidly became ‘the spice of choice for French restaurants’.
However, like almost everything else in Cambodia, war and genocide killed the industry.
Kampot Pepper

In 2007, 3 farmers' associations were established with the support of FarmLink. These associations consist today of more than 70 farmers and are a reliable partner for businesses wishing to purchase high quality Kampot pepper. www.kampotpepper.biz / www.farmlink-cambodia.com. In Europe: www.kampot-pepper.co.uk.
Kurata Pepper

Kurata Pepper was founded in 1997 by Kurata as a partnership with a farmer in Koh Kong province. The company exports its pepper to Japan, France and Denmark. However, despite its exceptional quality, Kurata pepper will not benefit from designation as a GI product because the pepper is not grown in Kampot province. It’s grown 50 miles away in equally fertile soils (www.ksline-cambodia.com /

www.kuratapepper.com .

Moovers and shakers...

Cambodia's Mong Reththy Group (MRG) and British farming company Lordswood Farms Ltd signed a deal in November 2009 to set up a $27 million joint-venture farm to produce beef, dairy products as well as goat meat and milk. The farm will include an abattoir and a dairy unit. MRG and Lordswood will each hold a 50 per cent stake in the project.
The deal was negotiated by Malcolm Pearce, principal of Lordswood Farms Ltd.

This agreement comes after another successful joint venture by the British pig breeding company ACMC in which 600 genetically-advanced breeding pigs were shipped to Cambodia in 2008 as part of a 20-year franchise agreement. A $5 million self-contained breeding unit was established to supply enough commercial AC1 sows to produce 1.1 million slaughter pigs annually. The project is already reaching its production targets with domestic distribution of 3,000 newly reared pigs due to start in April 2010.
Another agreement has also been signed whereby MRG will import $1 million worth of cattle semen through Lordswood from the United Kingdom for a breeding programme to meet local demand.

English Beef & Lamb Executive (EBLEX) export manager Jean-Pierre Garnier said: “These developments are of great importance for countries that rely almost totally on imports of pork, beef and dairy products. The English livestock sector has shown once again that it can provide a lead in commercial developments in new markets”.



Mong Reththy, president of MRG, said that work would begin early in 2010. The farm will supply the local market to reduce Cambodia's reliance on imports. "Currently, both cow milk and goat milk is 100 per cent imported into Cambodia. The best-quality beef and goat meat is also imported" he said.



The farm will be located on 200 hectares in the Oknha Mong Port Development Zone in Preah Sihanouk province, which is owned by MRG in a joint venture with Thailand's TCCI.



Sen Sovann, deputy secretary general at the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Cambodia in charge of domestic cattle production welcomed the investment but said the climate in Cambodia could make it difficult for the farm to produce high-quality milk. "Of course, milk consumed in Cambodia is 100 per cent imported and good-quality meats are too," he said. "But in hot weather cattle face extra challenges and they need good care and feeding to override the obstacles."



Lordswood Farms Ltd was established in 1975 by one of Britain’s most prominent and innovative dairy farmers, Malcolm Pearce, whose passion for farming developed from a very young age. It is a well established business with a proven track record in innovation and traditional sustainable farming methods; so will be able to bring considerable expertise to the project. It is also home to Europe’s largest herd of Montbeliarde cattle, one of the most highly regarded breeds of dual purpose cattle thriving throughout the world. With their strong physical attributes and excellent milk composition, it was clear that this dual purpose breed was the answer to successful, profitable, and sustainable dairy farming in the UK.



By 1997 Lordswood Farms was one of the largest dairy farms in Britain, producing 17 million litres of milk and processing a total of 65 million litres annually. Lordswood Farms Dairy Processing was later sold to Robert Wisemans Dairies in May 2001, after which time the dedicated team at Lordswood were able to focus their skills to the breeding, development and research of the Montbeliarde breed in both dairy and beef capacities.



Separately, Malcolm Pearce is negotiating other deals for British cattle genetics and expertise in other countries in the region, where Britain has much to offer.



About the author

Henry Lewis is Executive Chairman of British Livestock Genetics Consortium (www.britishlivestockgenetics.com) and President of the British Cattle Breeders Club. www.cattlebreeders.org.uk.









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EBLEX

EBLEX is the new Beef and Lamb Sector Company for England. It is a division of the UK Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB) which was established in 2008. EBLEX oversees a strategy delivering a wide range of technology transfer, marketing and promotional programmes to farmers, consumers and businesses in the beef and lamb supply chain. www.eblex.org.uk.



CARDI - Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute

CARDI provides agricultural science research and technology services for the agricultural sector encompassing sustainable agriculture, rural poverty alleviation and the economic development of Cambodia. www.cardi.org.kh.



CEDAC - Cambodian Centre for Study and Development in Agriculture

CEDAC is an independent organisation established in 1997 for the purpose of helping Cambodian farmers to grow better crops. www.cedac.org.kh.



National Cambodian Rice Millers Association

Nº. 30, Pasteur (St. 51) Phnom Penh 12210 Cambodia

HP: 012 882 222 HP: 012 454 555



Seladamex

Seladamex Co., Ltd was established in 2007 with the vision to contribute to Cambodia's agriculture industry as well as developing agro-industrialisation. The company has built a $2 million cotton processing plant and plans to sell Cambodian cotton on the international market. The company buys cotton from farmers and also grows its own. It also grows jatropha curcas which is used to make biodiesel. www.seladamex.com.



Golden Rice

Golden Rice (Cambodia) Co., Ltd. is equipped with the latest in modern facilities, including drying machines, processing plants and an automatic packing system, to produce premium quality rice for export. The company was registered with the Cambodian Ministry of Commerce in May 2008 as a private limited company and started milling operations in early 2009. Golden Rice has the capacity to produce up to 50,000 tonnes of rice per year and the company employs more than 100 staff. Golden Rice sent its first shipment of rice to Europe in August 2009. Samples of Cambodian white rice were sent to laboratories in France, Japan and Thailand for quality testing, the results of which indicate that Cambodian rice is among the best in the world. www.goldenricecambodia.com.



Cambodia Food Security and Nutrition

Cambodia’s web-based information system was set up to facilitate the dissemination of best practices and lessons learned, highlight innovative measures, inform users of news and events, and promote open discussion among stakeholders with regard to food security and nutrition issues in Cambodia. The website enables people and organisations interested and involved in food security and nutrition issues both within and outside Cambodia to share information, and to build and preserve a repository of knowledge about food security and nutrition for the long term. www.foodsecurity.gov.kh.



System of Rice Intensification

The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) has been increasingly implemented by farmers in Cambodia since 2000 with support from different stakeholders such as CEDAC, PRASAC, OXFAM, GTZ/RDP, local NGOs and line departments at provincial levels. www.foodsecurity.gov.kh/sri/



Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

#200 Norodom Blvd, Phnom Penh 12301, Kingdom of Cambodia. Tel: (855) 23 211 351, 23 211 352. E-mail: info@maff.gov.kh. www.maff.gov.kh



The Directorate of Agro-Industries – DAI

www.agrobizcambodia.com



Royal University of Agriculture

www.rua.edu.kh/





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With a population density of just 263 persons per square kilometer (681 per square mile) of arable land, Cambodia has special advantages compared to much more densely populated rural areas such as Bangladesh, Vietnam, or Indonesia, whose densities are 3 or 4 times as great. However, the sector is far below its potential. The 80 percent of the workforce engaged in agriculture account for only 43 percent of GDP in 1998. Average rice paddy yield in 1997 was 1.8 tons per hectare, compared to an average of 2.7 tons per hectare achieved by neighboring countries. Among numerous problems affecting agricultural

productivity are a lack of irrigation, shortage of male manpower, and the continued presence of land mines in the northwest region of the country, a major rice-growing area. At present only 16 percent of rice land is irrigated, though the government has the goal to increase this figure to 20 percent by the year 2003. Important secondary food crops are maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, beans, vegetables, and fruit. Among industrial agricultural crops are cotton, soybeans, sesame, jute, sugar cane, and rubber. Principal crops in 1999 in order of magnitude of production were rice, cassava, vegetables, sugar cane, maize, soybeans, sweet potatoes, and mung beans.

Read more: Cambodia Agriculture, Information about Agriculture in Cambodia http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/Cambodia-AGRICULTURE.html#ixzz0pcsxUe99

Import&Export

Ports in Cambodia

The three main international ports in Cambodia are: Sihanoukville on the Gulf of Siam, Phnom Penh on the Mekong river, and the provincial port of Koh Kong. SIHANOUKVILLE PORT Sihanoukville is the main deep-sea port of Cambodia. The Port of Sihanoukville, situated in the Bay of Kompong Som, is the principal and only deep-water maritime port of Cambodia. Kompong Som's natural advantages include deep water inshore and a degree of natural protection from storms provided by a string of islands across the mouth of the bay. The port was built in 1959 with a total capacity of 1.2 million encompassing the old french-built wharf and adjacent new facilities. The capacity of Sihanoukville port, in its present condition, is estimated at about 950,000 tonnes per year, excluding POL which has separate facilities. This is about twice its present traffic. The port can accommodate ships of 10,000 - 15,000 tons deadweight.  The main access to the port is via a 3 km fairway channel, marked by buoys and leading lights for daylight navigation only. Due to rocky outcrops in the channel, the entrance to the port is restricted to vessels with a draft of less than 8.0-8.5 m. In practice boats of up to about 10,000 dwt can use the port. The port is located 540 nautical miles (1000 km) from Singapore. On the land side, the port is served by National Highway No. 4 (NH4) (226 km to Phnom Penh, the main link between Phnom Penh and the coast, and the "New" railway line, completed in 1969, which takes a more southerly route via Kampot. The rail distance to Phnom Penh is 263 km. The railway is in poor condition and handled only some 15% of the port traffic in 1993. Aid from the United States is earmarked for an immediate project to resurface the entire length of NH4 as well as to rebuild several bridges between Phnom Penh and Sihanoukville. Roads within Sihanoukville municipality itself are all hard surfaced, albeit of somewhat lesser quality and poorer condition than NH4. As part of its program to upgrade transport infrastructure in Cambodia, the Asian Development Bank is funding some modest improvements at the port. Immediate investments include the following: new forklift truck for container movement; repair old jetty; replace fenders; replace navigating aids and allow for night navigation; improve container storage yard; and install area lighting to permit night working. There are also reports that French assistance may finance a quayside container crane. (Currently, in the absence of a dedicated crane, the port claims to be able to move 200 containers per 24 hours). Several warehouses are available providing a total storage area of approximately 6,000 square metres. The two wharfs have a total of five warehouse, one of which is being let out to an oil exploration company. The warehouses have been under-utilised in recent years because of their poor condition, particularly their leaky roofs. Warehouses 1, 2 and 4 are now being repaired under the SRA Project. They have a combined capacity of about 36,000 cu.m. Warehouse 3 was repaired earlier with domestic funds. Container storage and handling is also available. The container yard is 50,000 square metres in area. Regular and direct shipping links with Singapore and Bangkok are in place, with Cambodian-flag shipping (Camtran Ship) being the dominant carrier. In 1993, 15,000 TEU's (20 food equivalents) passed through Sihanoukville Port. An estimated 80 percent of the containers had origin/destination in Singapore. Behind the warehouses fronting the new wharf, there are railway platforms and tracks as well as a container parking area of some 17,600 sq.m. The container area is now being resurfaced under SRAP. Both wharves are also rail-connected. PHNOM PENH PORT Phnom Penh depends on access via the Mekong through the delta area of Vietnam. The Phnom Penh port is the country's traditional river port, accessible to vessels from the South China Sea through Vietnam.Phnom Penh port is located in-the city, on the Sap river some 3-4 km from its junction with the Mekong. It is some 330 km from the mouth of the Mekong of which about 100 km is in Cambodia and the rest in Vietnam. The distance from Singapore is about 1450 km. Vessels of up to 2,000 dwt-can use the route without difficulty, and 5,000 dwt boats can pass the entrance to the Mekong (the 'Main bottleneck) on favourable tides. Regular dredging is necessary at three points in Cambodia for the 5,000.dwt vessels to reach Phnom Penh. The port serves up to 150 ships per year, including 3 Singapore-based cargo vessels which take 10-12 days for the return voyage. INFRASTRUCTURE The main-cargo port consists of two sites, generally called Port No. 1 and Port No. 2: Port No. 1 (the main port) consists of a 184-m long pier built in reinforced concrete, plus three pontoons for sea-going vessels. There are two berths, known as Berths 4 and 5, which can accommodate ships up to 2,000 dwt and 4,000 dwt, respectively. Some 540 m of domestic pontoon capacity is available for riverine ships and barges of up to 100 m or 1,800-2,000 tonnes. The pontoons are served by lighters and junks. There are other berths available for small craft. There are 12 depots of 2,700 sq m and 5,910 tonnes storage capacity within some 180 m of the berths, plus open storage of some 4,300 sq. m. There is another warehouse complex at Kilometre 6 (Phnom Penh) having 15 sheds with a total capacity of 70,000 tonnes and 8 sheds of nearly 4,000 tonnes. Although actual crane capacity is not dear, there are 12 cranes- i.e. 2- 25 tonne units, 4-16 tonne and 6-6.5 tonne cranes. Port No. 2, about 1 km south of the main area, consists of two 45 m by 10 m steel pontoons. Due to the long and narrow bridges and the seasonal variation in water levels, these two berths cannot be reached by equipment and are limited to bagged or other light traffic. The capacity of the main port (No. 1) has been estimated at about 150,000 tonnes per year, a figure already exceeded. This port is now to be rebuilt with the aid of a Japanese grant. The improvements are expected to increase the capacity to some 566,000 tonnes per year. As an interim measure, Port No. 2 will be rehabilitated under a World Bank credit. -When the improvements to Port No. 1 are completed, Port No. 2 could perhaps revert to domestic use (up to 1991, Port No. 2 was for domestic use only). KOH KONG PORT Koh Kong is situated near the Thai border and is used by small boats, below 500 dwt. The Koh Kong provincial port is really a system of three ports. Vessels entering Cambodia from Singapore, Malaysia or Thailand call first at Paklong, on the Gulf of Siam about 15 km from the Thai border, for customs clearance and other formalities. Up to 300-tonne capacity boats can be accepted, or 500 tonnes at anchorage. The 300-tonne boats can then proceed across the bay to Koh Kong town for unloading or transhipment to smaller vessels if required. Koh Kong is a small provincial capital with no road access to the rest of Cambodia. Road 43 can only be used (with difficulty) by motor cycles at present. Thus after clearance most boats proceed to another provincial port al Sre Ambel, at an inlet the Kompong Som Bay near Road 4, some 170 km from Phnom Penh. Sre Ambel can only accept 120-130 tonne boats, however. Traffic that arrives at Koh Kong in larger boats has to be transhipped between vessels at Paklong or Koh Kong town. Paklong and Koh Kong have quite good but limited facilities and are very congested, particularly Paklong. There is some warehousing in Koh Kong town to support the transhipment activity. Koh Kong is also a quite an important fishing port, from which about 16,000 tonnes were exported to Thailand in 1993. OTHER PORTS Cambodia’s other seaport is at Kampot., 148km from Phnom Penh along Road 3 or 166km by rail. The port is situated in the town on a river bank 4 km from the sea. Of the minor ports, Kampot is the most important coastal facility. It was more important before 1975 when it had better facilities and was able to take vessels of up to 150 tonnes or more. It is a lighter port, with two main approaches from the sea, one of which has fairway depths of 10 m to within 11 km of the port. The other southern channel could accommodate vessels of less than 4.6 m draft. There are three channels through which junks and lighters could enter the river to reach Kampot. A wooden jetty can be used by 30-40 tonne boats. There is a regular trade with Koh Kong, for exchange of goods with Thailand, but Kampot port is not itself used for international traffic. The other river ports, for example Kompong Cham on the Mekong, are in general also used for domestic traffic only. A small port exists at Kompong Ampil, in Takeo province, where there is a fair amount of trade with Vietnam via a small river that leads into the Bassac, but most boats are only of 25-30 tonne capacity.

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INSURANCE COMPANIES CAMBODIA

Asia Insurance Cambodia

Asia Insurance (Cambodia) plays a very important role in the development of the Cambodian Insurance Market. This user friendly website is designed to provide all potential clients with the necessary information they need to make an informed decision about their insurance needs.

Cambodian National Insurance Company (CAMINCO)

CAMINCO is the first Cambodian National Insurance Company in Cambodia of which its operations have put into service since the mid June 1993.

Infinity Insurance

Infinity Insurance empowers businesses to transform risks into opportunities and sustainable progress. As a fully capitalized insurer in Cambodia, we are committed to taking risks on behalf of our clients so they are free to focus on things that really matter to their businesses.

General Insurance Association of Cambodia (GIAC)

The General Insurance Association of Cambodia was established on 29th July, 2005 as a non-profit organization and officially recognized by the Ministry of Interior on 14th October, 2005. Since the establishment, it has been engaged in following undertakings with the objectives of promoting and strengthening insurance and reinsurance companies and as well as the market as a whole in order to improve it from year to year to be a standardized Association in the region.

Cambodian Reinsurance Company (Cambodia Re)

The company is incorporating with the registered capital of USD 7 million for its operation regarding to the Insurance Law of Cambodia. In order to build up the capacity and financial strengths with the ideal of privatization, company reached a Joint Venture agreement with Asian Insurance International (AII) with the sales of 20 percent of share of Cambodia Re on 16 th January 2004 .

Forte Insurance Company (Cambodia) PLC.

Forte Insurance is dedicated to providing exceptionally comprehensive and efficient insurance services to all our clients, while ensuring the continued growth and training of our staff and assisting in the development of the insurance market in Cambodia.

Cambodia Insurance

Cambodia Universities, Cambodia Colleges and Cambodia Schools.

Cambodia Travel Insurance

At Atlas we champion one thing above everything else, a top quality Cover with the Worlds top insurance companies at a rate that nobody can beat. If you see a lower price offered for a like-for-like policy from one of our competitors, we will beat that quote by £1 without quibble. No other insurance company is offering this exceptional price guarantee.

Here you can find the insurance company in cambodia below: